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RHEUMATOLOGY / CLINICAL RESEARCH
Different antinuclear antibody subgroups of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis showed variability in clinical presentation: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
1
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
2
Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
3
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
4
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
5
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
6
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
7
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
8
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
9
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
10
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
11
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
12
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
13
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
14
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yancheng No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
15
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
16
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
17
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
18
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
Submission date: 2024-05-09
Final revision date: 2024-07-20
Acceptance date: 2024-08-13
Online publication date: 2024-10-26
Corresponding author
Zhichun Liu
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Arch Med Sci 2025;21(4):1345-1353
KEYWORDS
antinuclear antibodydermatomyositisanti-MDA5+ dermatomyositisrapidly progressive interstitial lung diseasesubgroup analysis
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are frequently positive in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5+ DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between ANA and clinical characteristics as well as prognosis in a cohort of patients with anti-MDA5+ DM.
Material and methods:
We conducted a systematic retrospective study of medical records from a Nanjing Medical University cohort of patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Various parameters were compared and analyzed between the ANA-positive group and the ANA-negative group.
Results:
A total of 246 patients with anti-MDA5+ DM were enrolled in this study, with 28.5% males and 71.5% females. The median age was 53.0 years, the median disease duration was 2 months, and the median follow-up period was 12.0 months. The ANA positivity rate at baseline was 52.4% in anti-MDA5+ DM patients. The ANA-positive group showed significantly higher positivity rates of anti-Ro52 antibodies (72.9% vs. 54.7%, p = 0.003) and anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS) antibodies (9.3% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.033) compared to the ANA-negative group, but lower ALT levels: 39.0 (21.5, 79.3) vs. 51.3 (36.5, 95.8), p = 0.006. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of overall survival, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) incidence, age, disease duration, and clinical characteristics. In a subgroup analysis of the ANA-positive group, MDA5+++ patients had a higher incidence of RPILD compared to the MDA5+ group (p = 0.028). In the ANA-negative subgroup analysis, MDA5+++ patients had a higher mortality rate and worse prognosis compared to the MDA5+ group (p = 0.026). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the presence of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) were associated with poor prognosis in ANA-negative anti-MDA5+ DM patients, with hazard ratios of 1.002 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.003, p = 0.020) and 13.694 (95% CI: 15.032, 37.267, p < 0.001), respectively.
Conclusions:
ANA is frequently found in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM. High titers of anti-MDA5 antibodies are associated with mortality and RPILD.
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are frequently positive in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5+ DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between ANA and clinical characteristics as well as prognosis in a cohort of patients with anti-MDA5+ DM.
Material and methods:
We conducted a systematic retrospective study of medical records from a Nanjing Medical University cohort of patients with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Various parameters were compared and analyzed between the ANA-positive group and the ANA-negative group.
Results:
A total of 246 patients with anti-MDA5+ DM were enrolled in this study, with 28.5% males and 71.5% females. The median age was 53.0 years, the median disease duration was 2 months, and the median follow-up period was 12.0 months. The ANA positivity rate at baseline was 52.4% in anti-MDA5+ DM patients. The ANA-positive group showed significantly higher positivity rates of anti-Ro52 antibodies (72.9% vs. 54.7%, p = 0.003) and anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (anti-ARS) antibodies (9.3% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.033) compared to the ANA-negative group, but lower ALT levels: 39.0 (21.5, 79.3) vs. 51.3 (36.5, 95.8), p = 0.006. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of overall survival, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) incidence, age, disease duration, and clinical characteristics. In a subgroup analysis of the ANA-positive group, MDA5+++ patients had a higher incidence of RPILD compared to the MDA5+ group (p = 0.028). In the ANA-negative subgroup analysis, MDA5+++ patients had a higher mortality rate and worse prognosis compared to the MDA5+ group (p = 0.026). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the presence of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD) were associated with poor prognosis in ANA-negative anti-MDA5+ DM patients, with hazard ratios of 1.002 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.003, p = 0.020) and 13.694 (95% CI: 15.032, 37.267, p < 0.001), respectively.
Conclusions:
ANA is frequently found in patients with anti-MDA5+ DM. High titers of anti-MDA5 antibodies are associated with mortality and RPILD.
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| eISSN: | 1896-9151 |
| ISSN: | 1734-1922 |
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