Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate trends in HHD mortality attributable to HBMI from 1990 to 2021 and projections up to 2040.

Material and methods:
Data on HHD mortality attributable to HBMI were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 database. Temporal trends in the burden of HHD attributable to HBMI were analyzed using generalized linear models to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) from 1990 to 2021.

Results:
From 1990 to 2021, the global ASMR for HHD attributable to HBMI increased from 6.83 (4.37 - 9.32) to 7.21 (4.23 - 9.94), with an EAPC value of 0.33 (0.27 - 0.39) for the ASMR. the ASDR increased from 144.72 (106.21 - 182.76) to 147.33 ( 109.06 - 183.45) with an EAPC value of 0.15 (0.1 - 0.21) for ASDR. Particularly severe ASMR and ASDR were observed in most countries in Africa and in a few countries along the Mediterranean coast. In contrast, most developed countries in North America, Europe, and Australia presented lower ASMR and ASDR. When the overall trend was divided into subsections, at the end of the study period, ASMR and ASDR for HHD attributable to HBMI showed a downward trend. By dividing the regions by SDI, middle SDI had the greatest fluctuation in ASMR and ASDR, and low SDI showed an increasing trend in ASMR and ASDR at the final joinpoint.

Conclusions:
Therefore, more targeted prevention approaches should be established to mitigate this growing trend.