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INFECTIOUS DISEASES / SYSTEMATIC REVIEW/META-ANALYSIS
The etiologic role of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections in breast cancer development: a meta-analysis of case-control studies
1
Microbiology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine,
University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences,
University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
3
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences,
University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama,
Bahrain
Submission date: 2021-07-31
Final revision date: 2022-07-17
Acceptance date: 2022-08-08
Online publication date: 2022-08-11
Corresponding author
Bahaeldin K. Elamin
Department of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine University of Bisha King Sultan, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Department of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine University of Bisha King Sultan, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The role of viral infection in alterations of vital cellular path ways and genomic integration – and thus, human carcinogenesis – is well documented in molecular epidemiology studies. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are two of the most studied human viruses for their potential association with cancer risk, progression, and outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the association of EBV and CMV infections with the risk of breast cancer, to more accurately evaluate the effect of these potential risk factors.
Material and methods:
A thorough comprehensive electronic search was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for relevant publications until February 28, 2021, based on predefined eligibility criteria. Data extracted from eligible studies were used to calculate pooled effect size, heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses for both viruses independently. Meta-analyses were performed using Prometa 3 software.
Results:
For EBV, a total of 19 studies were included, while 8 studies were in cluded for CMV. A significantly high risk of breast cancer with EBV infection (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 3.44–7.39, p < 0.05), and a similar, though smaller, risk with CMV (OR = 4.53, 95% CI: 2.04–10.03, p < 0.05), were found. EBV studies in which viral genetic material was detected in fresh breast cancer tissue showed higher risk compared to studies that relied on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens (FFPE) specimen. Conversely, for CMV, the FFPE studies showed a higher risk compared to studies relying on fresh breast cancer tissues.
Conclusions:
It can be inferred that infection with either of the two viruses increases the risk of breast cancer, suggesting an etiologic role of these viruses in breast carcinogenesis.
The role of viral infection in alterations of vital cellular path ways and genomic integration – and thus, human carcinogenesis – is well documented in molecular epidemiology studies. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are two of the most studied human viruses for their potential association with cancer risk, progression, and outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the association of EBV and CMV infections with the risk of breast cancer, to more accurately evaluate the effect of these potential risk factors.
Material and methods:
A thorough comprehensive electronic search was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for relevant publications until February 28, 2021, based on predefined eligibility criteria. Data extracted from eligible studies were used to calculate pooled effect size, heterogeneity, publication bias, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses for both viruses independently. Meta-analyses were performed using Prometa 3 software.
Results:
For EBV, a total of 19 studies were included, while 8 studies were in cluded for CMV. A significantly high risk of breast cancer with EBV infection (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 3.44–7.39, p < 0.05), and a similar, though smaller, risk with CMV (OR = 4.53, 95% CI: 2.04–10.03, p < 0.05), were found. EBV studies in which viral genetic material was detected in fresh breast cancer tissue showed higher risk compared to studies that relied on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens (FFPE) specimen. Conversely, for CMV, the FFPE studies showed a higher risk compared to studies relying on fresh breast cancer tissues.
Conclusions:
It can be inferred that infection with either of the two viruses increases the risk of breast cancer, suggesting an etiologic role of these viruses in breast carcinogenesis.
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| ISSN: | 1734-1922 |
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