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STATE OF THE ART PAPER
Biomarkers for early identification of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a narrative review
1
University of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
2
Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
4
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
5
Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
6
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
7
Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
Submission date: 2026-01-22
Final revision date: 2026-03-14
Acceptance date: 2026-03-20
Online publication date: 2026-04-23
Corresponding author
Aleksandra Klisic
University of Montenegro Faculty of Medicine Podgorica, Montenegro Center for Laboratory Diagnostics Primary Health Care Center Trg Nikole Kovacevica 6 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Phone/fax: +382 20 481 999
University of Montenegro Faculty of Medicine Podgorica, Montenegro Center for Laboratory Diagnostics Primary Health Care Center Trg Nikole Kovacevica 6 81000 Podgorica Montenegro Phone/fax: +382 20 481 999
KEYWORDS
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseoxidative stressinflammationnon-invasive diagnosticsgenetic markers
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has a globally increasing prevalence. Oxidative stress and inflammation, as interdependent processes, play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Moreover, heritability has a significant impact on MASLD. Hence, to fully understand the nature of complex and multifactorial diseases such as MASLD, it is important to consider the role of genetic and epigenetic factors as essential aspects of a broader context that includes clinical and environmental influences and their interactions when multiple metabolic pathways are involved. While traditional biomarkers may be insufficient in the early stages of this process, new-generation biomarkers and multi-omic approaches hold the potential to contribute to the improvement of disease diagnosis and prognosis. This review article aims to systematically examine oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors in MASLD, highlighting current diagnostic advances and future perspectives in the field.
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| ISSN: | 1734-1922 |
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